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During World War II the U.S. Army operated approximately 127,793 pieces of floating equipment.〔)〕 Those included large troop and cargo transport ships that were Army owned hulls, vessels allocated by the War Shipping Administration, bareboat charters and time charters. In addition to the transports the Army fleet included specialized types. Those, included vessels not related to transport such as mine vessels and waterway or port maintenance ships and other service craft. The numbers below 〔 give an idea of the scope of that Army maritime operation: * Troop and cargo ships over 1,000 gross tons that often carried the U.S. Army Transport (U.S.A.T.) with their name if they were Army owned or long term allocated: 1,557 ships * Other ships over 1,000 gross tons, including hospital ships (U.S.A.H.S.), cable ships, aircraft repair ships, port repair ships and others without any title other than “U.S. Army” and a number or name: 108 ships * Vessels under 1,000 gross tons of numerous types that include the 511 FS ("Freight and Supply") small nonstandard coastal freighters of numerous designs, 361 minecraft with the large Mine Planters carrying U.S. Army Mine Planter (USAMP) with a number above a name, 4,343 tugs of all types and a varied array of 4,697 launches and small service craft just designated U.S. Army with a number or name: 12,379 * Barges and non-propelled watercraft that included 16,787 pontoons: 25,383 * Amphibious assault craft: 88,366 Limiting the number to only the named and numbered vessels, discounting the various simple barges and amphibious assault craft, the remaining number is 14,044 vessels. ==Overview== This fleet and the Army’s Ports of Embarkation〔http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm | San Francisco POE〕〔http://ww2.mariner.org/chesapeakebay/century/wwi007.html | Hampton POE〕〔http://www.oldhickory30th.com/KilmerCampbooklet.pdf | New York POE〕 operated throughout the war’s massive logistics in support of the worldwide operations. After the war the Army’s fleet began to resume its peacetime role and even regain the old colors of gray hulls, white deck houses and buff trimming, masts and booms with the red, white and blue stack rings. An example may be seen in the (photos ) of the (USAT ''Fred C. Ainsworth'' ). Some confusion may exist in the precise definition of "Army ship" as many ships saw Army service during the Second World War that were never (a brief Army time or voyage charter) or only briefly part of the Army's fleet. Army owned vessels of the core fleet are quite clear, even though some of those switched between Army and Navy during the war. Close to those were the ships that were bareboat chartered by the Army, meaning that only the hull itself was chartered and Army was responsible for crewing and all other operational aspects. Others were long term allocations to Army by the War Shipping Administration so that they operated as Army transports and cargo vessels for much of the war. The more confusing ships are those that were short-term or time or voyage chartered ships.〔 In the South West Pacific Area during the emergency of the Japanese advance throughout Southeast Asia the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines even the chartering arrangements were often vague as ships arriving in Australia were retained by United States Forces in Australia (USFIA) for operations in Australia. Some of these ships, acquired and operating under United States Army Services of Supply, Southwest Pacific Area (USASOS SWPA), achieved some notability in military history in daring voyages to resupply the forces cut off in the Philippines from either Australia or the already collapsing Dutch East Indies. That situation is captured by Masterson on page 324: On 28 April General MacArthur reported that his fleet consisted of twenty-eight vessels — the twenty-one KPM vessels (the majority of which had not been delivered); the ''Dona Nati''. The , the ''Coast Farmer'', and the , chartered by WSA; and the ''Anhui'', the ''Yochow'' and the ''Hanyang'', believed to be chartered by the British Ministry of War Transport (BMWT) for the U. S. Army, though no official information concerning their status had been received.〔 Three of those vessels, ''Coast Farmer'', ''Dona Nati'' and ''Anhui''. out of a number sent, managed to run the Japanese blockade of the Philippines and deliver supplies.〔 After the war came the reorganization that led to the U.S. Department of Defense rather than a separate United States Department of War and Department of the Navy with the decision on maritime logistics going in favor of it being administered by the Navy. As a result Army lost almost all its big vessels. Many of the Army vessels were transferred to Navy with the transport types becoming components of the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS now MSC) under Navy.〔http://www.history.navy.mil/books/field/ch4b.htm | History of United States Naval Operations: Korea - Chapter 4: Help on the Way - Part 2. Troops and Supplies〕〔http://www.msc.navy.mil/N00p/pressrel/press99/press50.htm | Military Sealift Command celebrates 50 years of service〕 Some of the Army’s specialized vessels became Navy commissioned ships (USS) or non-commissioned utility vessels. Digital photographs〔http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/army-sh/usash-ag/cantigny.htm | Online Library of Selected Images: SHIPS of the UNITED STATES ARMY〕 of a few of these vessels in Army service are provided at the Naval History and Heritage Command. Others were sold commercially or simply scrapped. The Army heritage of civilian crewed transports and cargo ships continued in the operating model for MSTS and its “in service” non-commissioned ships designated as U.S. Naval Ship (USNS). Some Army vessels, still crewed by Army civilians, just transferred were suddenly sailing before fully taking on the new service’s administrative functions and colors.〔http://patriot.net/~eastlnd2/Misc.htm#Keathley| USNS Sgt. George D. Keathley (T-AGS 35)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of ships of the United States Army」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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